Uganda has one of the youngest populations in the world, with about 48% of the population being under 15 years old.  Over the past decade, the number of orphans and vulnerable children living in Uganda has been escalating at an alarming rate. In 2025, the number of orphans is estimated to be between 1.7 and 1.9 million, with over one million of those children having lost both parents.

Uganda currently faces a range of significant struggles across political, economic, and environmental domains. 

Economically, Uganda is challenged by a stagnating agricultural sector, which supports the majority of its population. Unpredictable weather patterns, environmental degradation, and land fragmentation have worsened the plight of subsistence farmers, while food insecurity remains a pressing concern. The country also struggles with high youth unemployment, a growing population, and weak institutions, all of which contribute to rising discontent among marginalized communities.

Environmentally, Uganda is increasingly affected by climate change, which has led to more frequent and severe floods and landslides. These events have displaced thousands of people, particularly in regions like Mount Elgon and Mount Rwenzori, where landslides have killed over 1,000 people in the past decade. The government has attempted to resettle displaced communities, but many relocation efforts have failed due to unsuitable living conditions in the new areas. Additionally, deforestation and rapid population growth have further increased vulnerability to natural disasters.